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Ejercicio 1: Desequilibrio de Cargas En la siguiente figura tenemos un desequilibrio del sistema trifásico ya que el cuadro dispone solo de una carga monofásica y otra trifásica. Calcular la intensidad nominal In1 del IGA suponiendo las cargas equilibradas. Tras comprobar el desequilibrio, ¿Sería adecuada la intensidad nominal del IGA calculada?
Tendremos en cuenta los calibres de los PIAs, para seleccionar la intensidad nominal del IGA:
Para la carga monofásica :
Para la carga trifásica :
Si sumamos la potencia total instalada del sistema trifásico y, tomando un cos φ = 0,8, obtenemos una intensidad total de:
⇒ Calibre del IGA: In1 = 50 A .
Sin embargo, las corrientes por las 3 fases, que pasarían por el magnetotérmico In1 , serían:
– Fase L1 ⇒ IL1 = 25 + 32 = 57 A
– Fase L2 ⇒ IL2 = 32 A
– Fase L3 ⇒ IL3 = 32 A
Por tanto, si hubiéramos instalado un magnetotérmico In1 = 50 A, se abriría por sobrecarga debido a la corriente que circula por la fase L1, lo que impediría conectar las 2 cargas.
En estos casos, a la hora del diseño y, para evitar cortes por sobrecargas, habrá que averiguar cuál de las 3 fases transporta mayor corriente . El magnetotérmico principal In1 deberá poder soportar esa corriente mayor por esa fase para que no abra por sobrecarga.
Como la corriente por la fase L1 es de 57 A, el calibre del IGA debería ser de: In1 = 63 A .
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